Introduction
Stephen M. Stahl, MD, PhD
Adjunct Professor
Department of Psychiatry
University of California, San Diego
Chairman, Neuroscience Education Institute
Carlsbad, Calif.
Grant/Research Support: Asahi Kasei Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cephalon, Cypress Bioscience Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Lilly, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre and Wyeth; Consultant/Honoraria: Asahi, AstraZeneca, Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cephalon, Cyberonics, Cypress Bioscience, Forest Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Lilly, Nova Del Pharma Inc., Organon, Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc., Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Sanofi-Synthelabo Inc., Shire Pharmaceuticals Group PLC, Solvay S.A., and Wyeth. He discusses the use of antipsychotics for bipolar depression and the use of anticonvulsants as mood stabilizers.

Unipolar, Bipolar, and Psychotic Depression
Thomas L. Schwartz, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Psychiatry
SUNY Upstate Medical University
Syracuse, N.Y.
Grant/Research Support: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cephalon, Inc., Cyberonics, and Orphan Medical Inc.; Consultant: Wyeth; Speaker's Bureau: AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cephalon, Cyberonics, GlaxoSmithKline, Orphan, Pfizer, and Wyeth.

Treatment of the Bipolar Spectrum
Peter F. Buckley, MD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Psychiatry & Health Behavior
Medical College of Georgia
Augusta
Grant/Research Support/Consultant: Abbott Laboratories, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen Pharmaceutica Products, L.P., and Pfizer Inc. He discusses the use of antipsychotics for bipolar depression.

Drug Synergies in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
Stephen M. Stahl, MD, PhD

Treatment of Sleep-Related Symptoms
Javald I. Sheikh, MD, MBA
Professor of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences
Associate Dean for Veterans Affairs
Stanford University
Stanford, Calif.
Grant/Research Support: Pfizer; Consultant: AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Pfizer; Speaker's Bureau: Forest Laboratories, Inc. and Pfizer.

This activity has been developed for clinicians and other healthcare professionals who treat individuals with bipolar, depressive, or sleep-related disorders.

Clinical experience and systematic investigations have elucidated several categories of bipolar illness that make apparent the shortcomings of conventional diagnostic guidelines. More appropriate diagnostic criteria and subsyndromal conditions must be appreciated to improve diagnosis, treatment selection, and patient outcome. Furthermore, bipolar disorder must be differentiated from unipolar depression, nonpsychotic depression, and treatment-resistant depression to ensure the best treatment options. Combination therapy is very likely and the successful clinician should be capable of understanding and taking advantage of drug synergies. The neurologically based treatment rationale for sleep-related disorders will review new-generation sleep aids that appear much safer for chronic use.

By reading and studying this supplement, participants should be able to:

• appreciate the significance of subsyndromal bipolar symptomatology.

• apply a more appropriate definition of hypomania.

• differentially diagnose various depressive states and treat accordingly.

• evaluate treatment options based on synergistic mechanisms of action.

• understand the treatment rationale for sleep-related disorders.

This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and Policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint sponsorship of the Elsevier Office of Continuing Medical Education (EOCME) and Clinical Psychiatry News. The EOCME is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

The EOCME designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1 category 1 credit toward the AMA Physician's Recognition Award. Each physician should claim only those credits that he/she actually spent in the educational activity.

Term of Approval: September 2005–September 30, 2006.

Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc.